The Rosenholz files are a collection of 381 CD-ROMs containing 280,000 files with information on employees of the Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA), one of the intelligence agencies of the former GDR. They mostly contain the real names of agents who worked for the HVA in former West Germany.
The Rosenholz files ended up with the CIA during the German reunification under unclear circumstances; they were initially analysed by the USA only, but finally returned to Germany in 2003 after long negotiations. The exact reason for the duration of the negotiations is still debated among scholars.
After being returned, the files were checked for mistranslation and other errors by the BStU; since March 2004, the files have in theory been open to the general public and can in theory be viewed following an appropriate request (Antrag auf persönliche Akteneinsicht).
According to the annals of the former Moscow CIA station chief Milton Bearden, the Rosenholz files were not seized on January 15, 1990, when demonstrators stormed the Ministry of State Security (GDR) in Berlin, but instead only when former US president George H. W. Bush personally contacted the chief of the Berlin CIA station. Bearden later on lobbied for the return of the Rosenholz files to Germany while CIA station chief in Bonn, and received the Bundesverdienstkreuz for this.
In Finland, similar files, known as the Tiitinen list in Finnish media, have caused quite a scandal, having been unexpectedly classified by the Finnish security police (Suojelupoliisi) and Supreme Administrative Court of Finland. The Tiitinen list is described by the press as including the names of some of today's top politicians and officials in Finland.